11h Effective arguments consider alternative viewpoints.
This section, in my opinion, is very important because there are so many people, myself included, that don't consider other people's opinions while writing an argumentative essay. It even outlines three ways that one can go about including a consideration of the opposing views which are:
- providing counter evidence that disproves the opposing view
- acknowledge the opposing viewpoint and explain why it is that the writer is correct
- use qualifiers(some, usually, etc.) to admit that there is another view.
11i Effective arguments are organized using classical, Rogerian or Toulmin models.
I like this section because I had to write these kinds of argument papers junior year of high school since my teacher was a mad genius.
- Classical(appropriate for persuasive arguments)- the format in which you state the purpose of your paper(in an interesting way so that people want to read it) and establish your ethos, provide your audience with information on why you are taking whatever position on what you are writing about, provide pathos and logos examples to appeal to the readers, acknowledge the counterclaim and disprove(don't be mean and be careful not to use a fallacy), conclude your essay in a way that makes the reader want to agree.
- Toulmin(kind of an elaboration on the classical)- In this format one also states their claim, ethos and reasons(grounds) for their claim, but one must also warrant their clams. By this I mean that one must kind of make sub-claims, or assumptions, that explain why the claim is supported by the reasons/grounds then support the assumptions with backing evidence, pathos and or logos to explain why these sub-claims are relevant. After all that the writer should address the counterclaims and their response to those claims.
- Rogerian(used to establish common ground and make more productive discussions)- In this format the writer states claim and ethos, but then immediately explores and explains any and all counter claims. After all counter claims have been qualified or explained the writer may then provide an explanation of why they still believe their initial claim potentially including pathos and logos.
Congratulations, you can now write an outline for an argument essay!
Toulmin Model
I guess you only get Toulmin.
Toulmin Model
I guess you only get Toulmin.
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